Design

Septic systems are wastewater treatment systems that collect, treat, and disperse wastewater generated by your home or business. The wastewater is treated onsite, rather than collected and transported to a centralized community wastewater treatment plant. A typical septic system consists of two main parts: a septic tank and a soil absorption system, also known as a drainage, leachfield, or disposal field. Underground pipes connect the entire system.

The septic tank is a buried watertight container usually made of concrete, fiberglass, or polyethylene. It holds the wastewater long enough to allow the solids to settle out and the fats, oils, or grease to float to the surface. It also allows partial decomposition of the solid materials. Effluent from the middle layer flows out to the drainfield for further treatment in the soil.

The disposal field is also buried in the ground and consists of either small stone and perforated pipe or a variety of proprietary devices made of plastic or concrete. The wastewater exiting the septic tank flows to the disposal field by gravity or by pumping, if needed. All of these systems are designed to help spread out or disperse the remaining wastewater into the soil below for further treatment and disposal.

Maintenance

Wastewater from a residence or commercial business comes from a variety of sources including but not limited to bathtubs and showers, toilets, clothes washer and dishwashers. It can contain, solids, grease, dirt, chemicals, bacteria and viruses. A properly functioning septic system treats and disposes of wastewater underground. Consistent maintenance is important to insure that the septic system functions as designed and prevents either premature failure or any potential pollution threat. Generally, septic tanks should be cleaned out every two to five years as part of a maintenance schedule. The pumping interval is dependant upon the size of the tank and the amount of solidsentering the tank. As a general rule of thumb, the pumping interval is determined on the basis of 100 gallons of tank capacity per person per year. For example, a 1000 gallon tank used by a family of five should be cleaned out every two years - re: 1000 gallons: (100 gallons per year x 5 people) = 2 years. Note - Add an additional 50% solids loading if a garbage disposal is used. It is recommended to pump the septic tank to ensure good working condition. Please note the chart below for estimated recommended pumping frequencies in years.